PRESENTATION OF DATA
1. PRESENTATION OF DATA
- Textual presentation of data.
- Tabular presentation of data.
- Tabulation of data and part of a table .
This refers to the organization of data into tables, graphs or charts, so that logical and statistical conclusions can be derived from the collected measurements.
Data may be presented in(3 Methods):
- Textual
- Tabular or
- Graphical.
TEXTUAL PRESENTATION -
The data gathered are presented in paragraph form. - Data are written and read. - It is a combination of texts and figures. In textual presentation, data are
described within the text. When the
quantity of data is not too large this form
of presentation is more suitable.
For example: There are forty students in a class room. They had various subject. All the students are very intelligent and smart.
TABULAR PRESENTATION
- Method of presenting data using the statistical table. - A systematic organization of data in columns and rows. In a tabular presentation, data are
presented in rows (read horizontally)and columns (read vertically).
For
example see Table 1.1
Table 1.1
Classification used in
tabulation is of four kinds:
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
• Temporal and
• Spatial
i) Qualitative classification
When classification is done according
to attributes, such as social status,
physical status, nationality, etc., it is
called qualitative classification.
For
example- sex and location which
are qualitative in nature.
Table 1.1
ii)Quantitative classification
In quantitative classification, the data
are classified on the basis of
characteristics which are quantitative in
nature. In other words these
characteristics can be measured
quantitatively.
For example, age, height,
production, income, etc are quantitative
characteristics.
Table 1.2
iii)Temporal classification
In this classification time becomes the
classifying variable and data are
categorised according to time. Time
may be in hours, days, weeks, months,
years, etc. For example, see Table 1.3
Table 1.3
iv)Spatial classification
When classification is done on the basis
of place, it is called spatial
classification. The place may be a
village/town, block, district, state,
country, etc.
.Table 1.4 is an example of spatial
classification
Table 1.4
- Tabulation of data and part of a table .
To construct a table it is important to
learn first what are the parts of a good
statistical table. When put together
systematically these parts form a table.
The most simple way of conceptualizing
a table is to present the data in rows
and columns along with some
explanatory notes. Tabulation can be
done using one-way, two-way or three way classification depending upon the
number of characteristics involved. A
good table should essentially have the
following:
(i) Table Number:-
Table number is assigned to a table for
identification purpose. If more than one
table is presented, it is the table
number that distinguishes one table
from another.
(ii) Title
The title of a table narrates about the
contents of the table. It has to be clear,
brief and carefully worded so that the
interpretations made from the table are
clear and free from ambiguity. It finds
place at the head of the table
succeeding the table number or just
below it.
(iii) Captions or Column Headings
At the top of each column in a table a
column designation is given to explain
figures of the column. This is
called caption or column heading
(iv) Stubs or Row Headings
Like a caption or column heading, each
row of the table has to be given a
heading. The designations of the rows
are also called stubs or stub items, and
the complete left column is known as stub column. A brief description of the
row headings may also be given at the
left hand top in the table.
(v) Body of the Table
Body of a table is the main part and it
contains the actual data. Location of
any one figure/data in the table is
fixed and determined by the row and
column of the table.
vi) Unit of Measurement
The unit of measurement of the
figures in the table (actual data)
should always be stated along with
the title. If different units are there
for rows or columns of the table,
these units must be stated
along with ‘stubs’ or ‘captions’. If
figures are large, they should
be rounded up of rounding should be indicated.
vii) Source
It is a brief statement or phrase
indicating the source of data presented
in the table. If more than one source is
there, all the sources are to be written in
the source. Source is generally written
at the bottom of the table.
(viii)Note
Note is the last part of the table. It
explains the specific feature of the data
content of the table which is not self
explanatory and has not been explained
earlier.
Tags:
Economics